一、基础输出与输入

# 1. print()：打印输出内容
print("Hello, Python!")

# 2. input()：接收用户输入（返回字符串）
name = input("请输入姓名：")
print("你的姓名是", name)

二、数据结构操作（列表、字典、集合等）

# 3. range()：生成整数序列
for num in range(1, 5):
    print(num)

# 4. append()：列表末尾添加元素
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
numbers.append(4)
print(numbers)

# 5. extend()：列表扩展元素
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
more_numbers = [4, 5, 6]
numbers.extend(more_numbers)
print(numbers)

# 6. insert()：列表指定位置插入元素
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
numbers.insert(1, 4)
print(numbers)

# 7. remove()：列表移除元素
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4]
numbers.remove(2)
print(numbers)

# 8. pop()：列表弹出元素
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
popped = numbers.pop(1)
print(popped)
print(numbers)

# 9. index()：列表元素索引
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4]
index = numbers.index(2)
print(index)

# 10. count()：列表元素计数
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4]
count = numbers.count(2)
print(count)

# 11. sort()：列表排序
numbers = [5, 2, 4, 1, 3]
numbers.sort()
print(numbers)

# 12. reverse()：列表反转元素顺序
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
numbers.reverse()
print(numbers)

# 13. dict()：创建字典
person = dict(name='Alice', age=25)
print(person)

# 14. set()：创建集合
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1]
unique_numbers = set(numbers)
print(unique_numbers)

三、类型转换与判断

# 15. str()：转换为字符串
number = 42
string = str(number)
print(string)

# 16. int()：转换为整数
string = "42"
number = int(string)
print(number)

# 17. float()：转换为浮点数
string = "3.14"
number = float(string)
print(number)

# 18. type()：返回对象类型
number = 42
print(type(number))

# 19. list()：转换为列表
string = "Hello"
char_list = list(string)
print(char_list)

# 20. tuple()：转换为元组
list_data = [1, 2, 3]
tuple_data = tuple(list_data)
print(tuple_data)

# 21. isinstance()：检查对象类型
number = 42
print(isinstance(number, int))

四、数值与数学操作

# 22. sum()：求和
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
total = sum(numbers)
print(total)

# 23. max()：求最大值
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
maximum = max(numbers)
print(maximum)

# 24. min()：求最小值
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
minimum = min(numbers)
print(minimum)

# 25. abs()：绝对值
number = -42
absolute = abs(number)
print(absolute)

# 26. round()：四舍五入
number = 3.14159
rounded = round(number, 2)
print(rounded)

# 27. pow()：幂运算
result = pow(2, 3)
print(result)

# 28. divmod()：商和余数
quotient, remainder = divmod(10, 3)
print(quotient, remainder)

五、字符串操作

# 29. replace()：字符串替换
st = "i want a apple"
st = st.replace("apple", "mice")
print(st)

# 30. strip()：字符串去空格
st = "  hello  "
st = st.strip()
print(st+"end")

# 31. format()：字符串格式化
name = "Alice"
age = 25
formatted = format("Name: {}, Age: {}", name, age)
print(formatted)

六.可迭代对象高级操作

# 32. sorted()：可迭代对象排序
numbers = [5, 2, 4, 1, 3]
sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)
print(sorted_numbers)

# 33. reversed()：可迭代对象反转
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
reversed_numbers = list(reversed(numbers))
print(reversed_numbers)

# 34. zip()：可迭代对象组合
names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']
ages = [25, 30, 35]
zipped = list(zip(names, ages))
print(zipped)

# 35. enumerate()：可迭代对象枚举
names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']
for index, name in enumerate(names):
    print(f"Name at index {index}: {name}")

# 36. any()：可迭代对象存在真元素
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3]
print(any(numbers))

# 37. all()：可迭代对象所有元素为真
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3]
print(all(numbers))

# 38. filter()：过滤可迭代对象
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
even_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x%2==0, numbers))
print(even_numbers)

# 39. map()：映射可迭代对象
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared_numbers = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers))
print(squared_numbers)

# 40. reduce()：累积计算
from functools import reduce
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, numbers)
print(product)

七、对象与属性操作

# 41. callable()：检查可调用对象
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")
print(callable(say_hello))

# 42. getattr()：获取对象属性
class Person:
    name = "Alice"
person = Person()
name = getattr(person, "name")
print(name)

# 43. setattr()：设置对象属性
class Person:
    name = ""
person = Person()
setattr(person, "name", "Alice")
print(person.name)

# 44. delattr()：删除对象属性
class Person:
    name = "Alice"
person = Person()
delattr(person, "name")
print(hasattr(person, "name"))

八、文件与系统操作

# 45. open()、read()、close()：文件读取
file = open("example.txt", "r")
content = file.read()
print(content)
file.close()

# 46. close()：文件关闭（同上示例）

# 47. read()：文件读取（同上示例）

# 48. write()：文件写入
file = open("example.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello, World!")
file.close()

# 49. time.sleep()：程序暂停
import time
time.sleep(5)
print('hello')

# 50. listdir()：显示目录文件
import os
path = r'D:/images'
dirs = os.listdir(path)
for file in dirs:
    print(file)

九、随机与编码操作

# 51. random.random()：生成随机数
import random
print(random.random())

# 52. chr()：Unicode转字符
char = chr(65)
print(char)

# 53. ord()：字符转Unicode
code = ord('A')
print(code)

# 54. bin()：整数转二进制
binary = bin(10)
print(binary)

# 55. hex()：整数转十六进制
hexadecimal = hex(16)
print(hexadecimal)

# 56. oct()：整数转八进制
octal = oct(8)
print(octal)

十、特殊功能函数

# 57. slice()：切片操作
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
sliced = numbers[slice(2, 5)]
print(sliced)

# 58. bytearray()：可变字节数组
my_array = bytearray([0, 1, 2, 3])
print(my_array)

# 59. bytes()：不可变字节数组
my_bytes = bytes([0, 1, 2, 3])
print(my_bytes)

# 60. ascii()：ASCII可打印字符串
text = "Hello, 你好"
ascii_text = ascii(text)
print(ascii_text)

# 61. exec()：执行动态代码
code = '''
for i in range(5):
    print(i)
'''
exec(code)